What Is Bio Cremation? A Helpful Guide

What Is Bio Cremation? Understanding This New and Eco-Friendly Process

Bio Cremation is an increasingly talked-about alternative to traditional cremation and burial.

Although it is not yet legal in the UK, many families are hearing about it through the media, eco-funeral discussions or developments overseas. Because of this, it’s natural to wonder what it is, how it works and whether it might become available here in the future.

This guide explains the Bio Cremation process in simple terms, explores its potential environmental benefits and outlines the current legal position in the UK.

What Exactly Is Bio Cremation?

Water-Based Form of Cremation

Bio Cremation, also called alkaline hydrolysis or “aquamation,” uses a gentle water-based process instead of fire.

The body is placed inside a sealed stainless-steel chamber filled with a mixture of water and a small amount of alkaline solution. Through heat, water circulation and alkalinity, the body is broken down in a natural, accelerated way.

A More Natural Decomposition Process

Unlike flame cremation, which reduces remains through extremely high temperatures, Bio Cremation mirrors the natural breakdown that occurs in soil — only much faster.

Once complete, families receive ashes similar in appearance and weight to those from a traditional cremation.

How Does the Bio Cremation Process Work?

Although equipment and settings vary slightly, the process generally follows four steps.

1. Preparation of the Chamber

A mixture of heated water and potassium hydroxide or sodium hydroxide is prepared inside the sealed chamber. Only a small amount of alkali is used.

2. Gentle Circulation and Heating

The chamber is heated to a temperature well below that of flame cremation (typically around 150°C). Water circulates slowly, helping the natural decomposition process.

3. Completion of the Cycle

After several hours, only cremated remains and a sterile liquid remain. The liquid contains amino acids, sugars and nutrients — all naturally occurring breakdown products.

4. Return of the Ashes

The ashes are dried, reduced into a fine powder and returned to the family, just like in a traditional cremation.

Why Are People Interested in Bio Cremation?

Lower Environmental Impact

One of the biggest reasons it is gaining attention is its potential to reduce environmental impact. It uses significantly less energy than flame cremation and produces no smoke or airborne emissions.

Because of this, it is often promoted as a greener option.

Reduced Carbon Footprint

Early research suggests that this form of Cremation emits far fewer greenhouse gases than traditional cremation. Although long-term studies are still developing, many environmental organisations see it as a promising future alternative.

A Gentle and Clean Process

Some families like the idea of a process that uses water rather than fire. Supporters describe it as a calmer and more natural form of cremation.

Is Bio Cremation Legal in the UK?

Current Legal Position

At present, Bio Cremation is not legal in the UK.

The process falls outside existing legislation that governs crematoria and the handling of human remains.

This means no funeral provider in England, Scotland, Wales or Northern Ireland is permitted to offer alkaline hydrolysis.

Could It Become Legal in the Future?

There is growing interest among funeral professionals, environmental groups and some local authorities. Several countries and US states have already approved it, and discussions continue in various parts of Europe.

While there are no confirmed plans for legalisation, it may be considered in the future as environmental policies evolve.

Alternatives Available in the UK Today

Even though Bio Cremation is not yet an option, families can still choose environmentally considerate alternatives, such as:

• Woodland or natural burials
• Biodegradable urns
• Direct cremation with minimal environmental impact
• Memorial trees and eco-friendly ashes scattering options

Each offers ways to reduce environmental footprint while honouring personal values.

FAQs About Bio Cremation